综述：在水产养殖中使用过氧乙酸进行可持续的水体消毒
（资料来源：Reviews in Aquaculture）
图 在水产养殖中使用过氧乙酸进行可持续的水体消毒
摘要
过氧乙酸（PAA）作为一种高效、环保的消毒剂应用已久。它于 1902 年被成功合成，此后在各行各业都得到了广泛的应用。PAA在水产养殖业这个新兴产业中具有巨大的潜力。随着全球对可持续发展目标的追求，人们对于在水产养殖中使用 PAA 来替代其他非环保型添加剂的做法越来越感兴趣。PAA 对人类没有致癌风险（与福尔马林不同），其产生的有害副产品微乎其微（与氯基消毒剂不同），并且只要采取适当的预防措施，PAA对人类健康造成严重损害的风险比臭氧更容易控制。鱼类对 PAA 有很强的生理恢复和适应能力，而病原体在其易感阶段非常脆弱，因此PAA可以对整个养殖水体进行安全有效地消毒，而不是采用紫外线辐射或臭氧等工艺进行限制流量的消毒方法。PAA 对于许多鱼类病原体的有效杀菌浓度通常低于 2 mg/L，这对大多数鱼类来说都是可以承受的，而且由于PAA的降解速度很快，因此其对环境的危害风险也很低。然而，这种降解和生产规模水产养殖系统中的流体力学使 PAA 的实际使用趋于复杂化。总之，本篇综述总结了 PAA 安全浓度的主要结果及其在水产养殖中的具体效果，并概述了 PAA 实际使用中的主要困难和可能的解决方案。最后，作者希望通过本文能够引起全球相关学者及从业人员对这一化合物的关注，并且开发其成为水产养殖中进行可持续性水体消毒的新型消毒剂。
关键词
过氧乙酸， 水体消毒剂，水产养殖
英文摘要
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) has a long history as an efficacious and eco-friendly disinfectant. It was first synthesised in 1902, and since then a wide range of applications has been developed in various industries. Aquaculture is a more recent industry wherein the potential of PAA is significant. As the global demand for sustainable development increases, there has likewise been growing interest in using PAA in aquaculture as an alternative to less environmentally friendly practices. PAA has no carcinogenic risk to humans (unlike formalin), has negligible harmful by-products (unlike chlorine-based disinfectants) and with appropriate precautions, the risks of causing severe human health damage is easier to control than ozone. Fish show strong physiological recovery and adaptation to PAA, whereas susceptible life stages of pathogens are highly vulnerable, enabling a safe and efficacious disinfection of the entire culture water and not the flow-restricted disinfection by such processes as ultraviolet radiation or ozone. The effective concentration of PAA against many fish pathogens is usually below 2 mg L−1, which is tolerable for most fish, and it has very low environmental risk due to rapid degradation. However, such degradation and the hydrodynamics in production-scale aquaculture systems complicate the practical use of PAA. In this review, we summarise key results of safe concentrations of PAA and its effectiveness specifically for fish farmers. We also outline major difficulties and possible solutions for practical uses of PAA. We intend to bring global attention to this compound and inspire future possibilities for its sustainable use as a water disinfectant in aquaculture.
keywords
peracetic acid, water disinfectant, aquaculture
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